{
 "publisher": "The LatAm Thread",
 "schema": "key,value,unit,as_of,source_url,norm_ref,jurisdiction,status,page_url",
 "generated": "2026-10-26",
 "changes": [
  {
   "date": "2026-10-26",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/finance/capital-markets-and-finance/",
   "title": "Capital markets and finance in Brazil: who regulates, how to raise debt and equity, and how foreign investors are taxed",
   "change": "In force from 2 January 2023, Resolução CVM nº 160 replaced Instruções CVM nº 400 and 476 with a single regime: offers to professional investors that used the restricted effort exemption of Instrução 476 now obtain automatic registration through the CVM SRE system.",
   "norm_ref": "Resolução CVM nº 160 of 13 July 2022, as amended by Resoluções CVM nº 173/22, 180/23, 183/23, 208/24 and 226/25",
   "source_url": "https://conteudo.cvm.gov.br/legislacao/resolucoes/resol160.html"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-26",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/finance/capital-markets-and-finance/",
   "title": "Capital markets and finance in Brazil: who regulates, how to raise debt and equity, and how foreign investors are taxed",
   "change": "Resolução Conjunta nº 13, in force from 1 January 2025, replaced Resolução CMN nº 4.373 of 29 September 2014 and the related Central Bank rules as the framework for foreign portfolio investment.",
   "norm_ref": "Resolução Conjunta nº 13 of 3 December 2024 (Banco Central do Brasil and CVM)",
   "source_url": "https://www.bcb.gov.br/estabilidadefinanceira/exibenormativo?tipo=Resolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20Conjunta&numero=13"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-26",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/finance/capital-markets-and-finance/",
   "title": "Capital markets and finance in Brazil: who regulates, how to raise debt and equity, and how foreign investors are taxed",
   "change": "Lei nº 15.506 of 16 September 2026, the National Policy on Critical and Strategic Minerals, amended art. 2 § 2 item II to favor projects that process critical and strategic minerals for the energy transition and added the R$5,000,000,000 revenue cap in § 10.",
   "norm_ref": "Lei nº 14.801 of 9 January 2024; art. 2 §§ 2 and 10 as amended by Lei nº 15.506 of 16 September 2026",
   "source_url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2023-2026/2024/lei/l14801.htm"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-26",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/real-estate/buying-property-in-brazil/",
   "title": "Buying real estate in Brazil: foreign ownership limits, deed and registry, transfer tax and how non residents are taxed",
   "change": "Lei nº 14.382 of 27 June 2022 reworded items II and IV and added § 2, which removes the need for extra certificates to establish good faith; Lei nº 14.825 of 2024 added item V on annotations of any court attachment, including from administrative improbity suits.",
   "norm_ref": "Lei nº 13.097 of 19 January 2015, art. 54 as amended by Lei nº 14.382 of 27 June 2022 and Lei nº 14.825 of 2024",
   "source_url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2015-2018/2015/lei/l13097.htm"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-26",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/sectors/key-sectors-and-regulators/",
   "title": "Brazil's key sectors: oil and gas, power, mining, telecom, infrastructure and agribusiness finance, and the rules that govern them",
   "change": "Lei nº 13.365 (29 November 2016) replaced Petrobras's mandatory operatorship with a preference right; Lei nº 12.734 (30 November 2012) fixed the 15 percent royalty.",
   "norm_ref": "Lei nº 12.351 (production sharing), as amended by Lei nº 13.365 of 29 November 2016 and Lei nº 12.734 of 30 November 2012",
   "source_url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2007-2010/2010/lei/l12351.htm"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-26",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/sectors/key-sectors-and-regulators/",
   "title": "Brazil's key sectors: oil and gas, power, mining, telecom, infrastructure and agribusiness finance, and the rules that govern them",
   "change": "Lei nº 15.269 of 24 November 2025, in force on publication, set the 24 and 36 month schedule for low voltage free market opening and created the supplier of last resort.",
   "norm_ref": "Lei nº 9.074, as amended by Lei nº 15.269 of 24 November 2025",
   "source_url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l9074cons.htm"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-26",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/sectors/key-sectors-and-regulators/",
   "title": "Brazil's key sectors: oil and gas, power, mining, telecom, infrastructure and agribusiness finance, and the rules that govern them",
   "change": "Lei nº 15.324 of 6 January 2026 added cooperatives to the entities eligible for telecom concessions.",
   "norm_ref": "Lei nº 9.472 (General Telecommunications Law), as amended by Lei nº 15.324 of 6 January 2026",
   "source_url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l9472.htm"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-26",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/sectors/key-sectors-and-regulators/",
   "title": "Brazil's key sectors: oil and gas, power, mining, telecom, infrastructure and agribusiness finance, and the rules that govern them",
   "change": "Lei nº 13.529 of 4 December 2017 cut the minimum PPP contract value from R$20,000,000 to R$10,000,000.",
   "norm_ref": "Lei nº 11.079 (PPP Law), as amended by Lei nº 13.529 of 4 December 2017",
   "source_url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2004-2006/2004/lei/l11079.htm"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-26",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/sectors/key-sectors-and-regulators/",
   "title": "Brazil's key sectors: oil and gas, power, mining, telecom, infrastructure and agribusiness finance, and the rules that govern them",
   "change": "Lei nº 14.026 of 15 July 2020 required bidding for private operators and set the 2033 universalization targets.",
   "norm_ref": "Lei nº 11.445, as amended by Lei nº 14.026 of 15 July 2020 (sanitation framework)",
   "source_url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2007-2010/2007/lei/l11445.htm"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-26",
   "country": "Chile",
   "jurisdiction": "CL",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/chile/guide/labor/employing-people/",
   "title": "Employing people in Chile: contracts, working hours, minimum wage, social security, dismissal and severance, unions and outsourcing",
   "change": "The 42 hour limit took effect on 26 April 2026 under Ley Nº 21.561 (Diario Oficial 26 April 2023), replacing the 44 hour limit in force since 26 April 2024; the Dirección del Trabajo set the default implementation rule in Dictamen ORD. Nº 253/21 of 16 April 2026. The next and final step to 40 hours takes effect on 26 April 2028.",
   "norm_ref": "DFL Nº 1 of 2002, Código del Trabajo, as amended by Ley Nº 21.561",
   "source_url": "https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=207436"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-26",
   "country": "Chile",
   "jurisdiction": "CL",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/chile/guide/labor/employing-people/",
   "title": "Employing people in Chile: contracts, working hours, minimum wage, social security, dismissal and severance, unions and outsourcing",
   "change": "Ley Nº 21.830 (Diario Oficial 22 June 2026) raised the general minimum to CLP 553,553 from 1 May 2026, up from CLP 539,000 set from 1 January 2026 by Ley Nº 21.751 (Diario Oficial 28 June 2025), and provides an inflation adjustment from 1 January 2027.",
   "norm_ref": "Ley Nº 21.830; DFL Nº 1 of 2002, Código del Trabajo",
   "source_url": "https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1225354"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-26",
   "country": "Chile",
   "jurisdiction": "CL",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/chile/guide/labor/employing-people/",
   "title": "Employing people in Chile: contracts, working hours, minimum wage, social security, dismissal and severance, unions and outsourcing",
   "change": "Under the fourth transitory article of Ley Nº 21.735 (Diario Oficial 26 March 2025) the employer pension contribution rose from 1 percent to 3.5 percent of taxable pay on 1 August 2026; the next step, to 4.25 percent, is due on 1 August 2027.",
   "norm_ref": "Ley Nº 21.735; Decreto Ley Nº 3.500 of 1980",
   "source_url": "https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1212060"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-26",
   "country": "Chile",
   "jurisdiction": "CL",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/chile/guide/trade/importing-and-exporting/",
   "title": "Importing and exporting in Chile: the 6 percent tariff, VAT on imports, customs agents, low value purchases, VAT free exports and contraband rules",
   "change": "Ley Nº 21.713, published on 24 October 2024, brought remote purchases of goods of up to US$500 by consumers into VAT, charged by the foreign seller or platform, and exempted their import from duties and import VAT once that VAT is shown to have been charged, effective twelve months after publication.",
   "norm_ref": "Decreto Ley Nº 825 of 1974, as amended by Ley Nº 21.713",
   "source_url": "https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1207746"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-26",
   "country": "Chile",
   "jurisdiction": "CL",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/chile/guide/trade/importing-and-exporting/",
   "title": "Importing and exporting in Chile: the 6 percent tariff, VAT on imports, customs agents, low value purchases, VAT free exports and contraband rules",
   "change": "Ley Nº 21.850, published on 17 October 2026, amends article 178 from 1 November 2026: prosecutors must (rather than may) seek seizure of vehicles used in contraband of goods subject to special or additional taxes, the maximum penalty raised by one degree applies to contraband of goods covered by DL Nº 828 of 1974 on tobacco, and a new article 178 bis sets a 15 business day deadline to auction seized vehicles.",
   "norm_ref": "Decreto con Fuerza de Ley Nº 30 of 2004, Ministerio de Hacienda, consolidated Ordenanza de Aduanas; Ley Nº 21.850",
   "source_url": "https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=238919"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-26",
   "country": "Mexico",
   "jurisdiction": "MX",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/mexico/guide/taxes/overview/",
   "title": "Mexico business taxes at a glance: the 30 percent corporate tax, withholding on payments abroad, 16 percent VAT and the rules that cap deductions",
   "change": "The decree published on 31 December 2025 extended the northern and southern border income tax and VAT incentives, previously due to end on 31 December 2025, to 31 December 2026; unlike prior multi year extensions, it covers one year only.",
   "norm_ref": "Decreto de estímulos fiscales región fronteriza norte, DOF 31 December 2018, and Decreto de estímulos fiscales región fronteriza sur, DOF 30 December 2020, as extended by the decree published in the DOF evening edition of 31 December 2025",
   "source_url": "https://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5777697&fecha=31/12/2025"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-26",
   "country": "Mexico",
   "jurisdiction": "MX",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/mexico/guide/labor/overview/",
   "title": "Employing people in Mexico: minimum wage, the move to a 40 hour week, mandatory benefits, dismissal costs, the outsourcing ban and social security",
   "change": "From 1 January 2026 the general minimum wage rose 13 percent to MXN 315.04 per day and the Northern Border Free Zone minimum rose 5 percent to MXN 440.87 per day, per the CONASAMI resolution published in the DOF on 9 December 2025.",
   "norm_ref": "Resolution of the Council of Representatives of CONASAMI fixing the general and professional minimum wages in force from 1 January 2026, DOF 9 December 2025; LFT, DOF 1 April 1970 (consolidated text, last reform DOF 14 May 2026)",
   "source_url": "https://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5775534&fecha=09/12/2025"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-26",
   "country": "Mexico",
   "jurisdiction": "MX",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/mexico/guide/labor/overview/",
   "title": "Employing people in Mexico: minimum wage, the move to a 40 hour week, mandatory benefits, dismissal costs, the outsourcing ban and social security",
   "change": "The decree of 1 May 2026 replaced the 48 hour week with a 40 hour maximum phased in from 1 January 2027 (46 hours) to 1 January 2030 (40 hours), redefined the overtime caps (9 hours a week in 2026 and 2027 rising to 12 in 2030, paid at double, with up to 4 further hours at triple), and created the duty to keep an electronic record of working hours, with STPS rules taking effect 1 January 2027.",
   "norm_ref": "Decree amending the LFT on the reduction of the working day, DOF 1 May 2026, in force 1 May 2026; Ley Federal del Trabajo (LFT), DOF 1 April 1970 (Chamber of Deputies consolidated text, last reform DOF 14 May 2026)",
   "source_url": "https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/LFT.pdf"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-26",
   "country": "Mexico",
   "jurisdiction": "MX",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/mexico/guide/labor/overview/",
   "title": "Employing people in Mexico: minimum wage, the move to a 40 hour week, mandatory benefits, dismissal costs, the outsourcing ban and social security",
   "change": "The decree published in the DOF on 27 December 2022, in force 1 January 2023, set the minimum first year vacation at 12 working days and the current scale of arts. 76 and 78.",
   "norm_ref": "Ley Federal del Trabajo (LFT), DOF 1 April 1970 (Chamber of Deputies consolidated text, last reform DOF 14 May 2026)",
   "source_url": "https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/LFT.pdf"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-26",
   "country": "Mexico",
   "jurisdiction": "MX",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/mexico/guide/labor/overview/",
   "title": "Employing people in Mexico: minimum wage, the move to a 40 hour week, mandatory benefits, dismissal costs, the outsourcing ban and social security",
   "change": "The employer contribution for old age and unemployment at advanced age has risen each 1 January since 2023 under the decree of 16 December 2020; for workers earning 4.01 UMA or more it went from 6.422 percent in 2025 to 7.513 percent in 2026 and will be 8.603 percent in 2027.",
   "norm_ref": "Ley del Seguro Social (LSS), DOF 21 December 1995 (Chamber of Deputies consolidated text, last reform DOF 15 January 2026), as amended by decree DOF 16 December 2020; Ley del INFONAVIT, DOF 24 April 1972 (consolidated text, last reform DOF 21 February 2025)",
   "source_url": "https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/LSS.pdf"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/macro/economy-at-a-glance/",
   "title": "Brazil macro at a glance: the rules behind rates, inflation, the budget and the real",
   "change": "From 1 January 2025 the calendar year target under Decreto nº 3.088 of 1999 was replaced by a continuous target checked monthly over 12 months; Decreto nº 3.088 was revoked on that date (art. 8).",
   "norm_ref": "Decreto nº 12.079",
   "source_url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2023-2026/2024/decreto/D12079.htm"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/macro/economy-at-a-glance/",
   "title": "Brazil macro at a glance: the rules behind rates, inflation, the budget and the real",
   "change": "Lei Complementar nº 211 of 2024 added art. 5-A, subjecting growth in new or extended social security benefits to the same spending growth rules; Lei Complementar nº 223 of 2025 excluded temporary education and health spending under Lei nº 15.164 of 2025 from the limits from 2025 (art. 3, § 2, X).",
   "norm_ref": "Lei Complementar nº 200 (sustainable fiscal regime)",
   "source_url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/lcp/lcp200.htm"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/investing/foreign-investment-regime/",
   "title": "Foreign investment in Brazil: an open regime, a short list of restricted sectors and regional tax incentives",
   "change": "Lei nº 13.986 of 7 April 2020 added art. 1 § 2: the restrictions do not apply to inheritance, to the grant of security interests including fiduciary transfer to a national or foreign company, or to receipt of the land when enforcing such security or taking it in payment.",
   "norm_ref": "Constituição Federal de 1988 art. 190; Lei nº 5.709, as amended by Lei nº 13.986 of 7 April 2020",
   "source_url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l5709.htm"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/investing/foreign-investment-regime/",
   "title": "Foreign investment in Brazil: an open regime, a short list of restricted sectors and regional tax incentives",
   "change": "Lei nº 13.986 of 7 April 2020 rewrote art. 2 § 4: granting security over rural land, including fiduciary transfer, to national or foreign companies, and receiving the land when enforcing it, no longer need prior consent.",
   "norm_ref": "Lei nº 6.634, as amended by Lei nº 13.986 of 7 April 2020",
   "source_url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l6634.htm"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/investing/foreign-investment-regime/",
   "title": "Foreign investment in Brazil: an open regime, a short list of restricted sectors and regional tax incentives",
   "change": "Lei nº 13.097 of 19 January 2015 rewrote art. 23 to permit foreign participation, including control, in hospitals and clinics.",
   "norm_ref": "Constituição Federal de 1988 art. 199 § 3; Lei nº 8.080, art. 23 as worded by Lei nº 13.097",
   "source_url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l8080.htm"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/investing/foreign-investment-regime/",
   "title": "Foreign investment in Brazil: an open regime, a short list of restricted sectors and regional tax incentives",
   "change": "Decreto nº 10.029 of 26 September 2019 moved recognition of the Government's interest from presidential decree case by case to the Central Bank, as part of its ordinary authorization process.",
   "norm_ref": "ADCT art. 52 (wording of Emenda Constitucional nº 40); Decreto nº 10.029",
   "source_url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2019-2022/2019/decreto/D10029.htm"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/investing/foreign-investment-regime/",
   "title": "Foreign investment in Brazil: an open regime, a short list of restricted sectors and regional tax incentives",
   "change": "Lei nº 13.842 of 17 June 2019 (conversion of Medida Provisória nº 863 of 2018) repealed items I to III and §§ 1 to 4 of art. 181 and arts. 182, 184, 185 and 186 of the Code.",
   "norm_ref": "Lei nº 7.565 (Brazilian Aeronautics Code), art. 181 as worded by Lei nº 13.842",
   "source_url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2019-2022/2019/lei/l13842.htm"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/investing/foreign-investment-regime/",
   "title": "Foreign investment in Brazil: an open regime, a short list of restricted sectors and regional tax incentives",
   "change": "Lei nº 14.753 of 12 December 2023 extended the deadline for filing and approving projects from 31 December 2023 to 31 December 2028.",
   "norm_ref": "Medida Provisória nº 2.199-14, art. 1 as worded by Lei nº 14.753 of 12 December 2023",
   "source_url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/mpv/2199-14.htm"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/entities/choosing-an-entity/",
   "title": "Choosing an entity in Brazil: Ltda, S.A. or branch of a foreign company",
   "change": "Lei nº 13.874 of 20 September 2019 (Economic Freedom Law) allowed the single member Ltda. Lei nº 14.195 of 26 August 2021, art. 41, converted every existing EIRELI into a single member Ltda. without any change to its incorporation document.",
   "norm_ref": "Lei nº 10.406 (Civil Code), § 1 and § 2 included by Lei nº 13.874 of 20 September 2019",
   "source_url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/2002/l10406compilada.htm"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/entities/choosing-an-entity/",
   "title": "Choosing an entity in Brazil: Ltda, S.A. or branch of a foreign company",
   "change": "Lei nº 14.451 of 21 September 2022, in force 30 days after publication, cut the quorum to appoint non quotaholder managers from unanimity (capital not paid in) and two thirds (capital paid in) to the current levels, and replaced the former three quarters quorum for amending the articles, mergers and dissolution with more than half of the capital.",
   "norm_ref": "Lei nº 10.406 (Civil Code), arts. 1.061 and 1.076 as worded by Lei nº 14.451 of 21 September 2022",
   "source_url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/2002/l10406compilada.htm"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/entities/choosing-an-entity/",
   "title": "Choosing an entity in Brazil: Ltda, S.A. or branch of a foreign company",
   "change": "Lei Complementar nº 182 of 1 June 2021 reduced the minimum executive board from two officers to one. Lei nº 14.195 of 26 August 2021 dropped the requirement that officers (diretores) reside in Brazil and extended the resident representative rule to any non resident manager.",
   "norm_ref": "Lei nº 6.404 (Corporations Law), art. 143 as worded by Lei Complementar nº 182 of 1 June 2021 and art. 146 as worded by Lei nº 14.195 of 26 August 2021",
   "source_url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l6404consol.htm"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/entities/choosing-an-entity/",
   "title": "Choosing an entity in Brazil: Ltda, S.A. or branch of a foreign company",
   "change": "Lei nº 13.818 moved mandatory publications from the official gazette plus a newspaper to a single newspaper with full online text, effective 1 January 2022. Lei Complementar nº 182 replaced the small company test (fewer than 20 shareholders and equity up to R$10,000,000) with annual gross revenue up to R$78,000,000, in force 90 days after publication.",
   "norm_ref": "Lei nº 6.404 (Corporations Law), art. 289 as worded by Lei nº 13.818 of 24 April 2019 and art. 294 as worded by Lei Complementar nº 182 of 1 June 2021",
   "source_url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l6404consol.htm"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/entities/choosing-an-entity/",
   "title": "Choosing an entity in Brazil: Ltda, S.A. or branch of a foreign company",
   "change": "Decreto nº 11.497 of 20 April 2023 revoked Decreto nº 9.787 of 2019 and delegated the authorization, amendment, nationalization and revocation acts to the Minister of Development, Industry, Trade and Services, with possible subdelegation to the Director of the national business registry department (DREI); activities involving controlled products need prior consent of the Army Command.",
   "norm_ref": "Lei nº 10.406 (Civil Code); Decreto nº 11.497 of 20 April 2023 (delegation of the authorization power)",
   "source_url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2023-2026/2023/decreto/D11497.htm"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/fx/fx-regime-and-repatriation/",
   "title": "FX and capital controls in Brazil: free convertibility, IOF costs and how to get dividends, loans and capital out",
   "change": "Lei nº 14.286 (effective one year after publication on 30 December 2021) rewrote Lei nº 4.131 art. 9 to keep only the tax payment condition and repealed the 1962 law's registration and remittance provisions.",
   "norm_ref": "Lei nº 4.131 of 3 September 1962, art. 9 as worded by Lei nº 14.286 art. 22; repeals in Lei nº 14.286 art. 28, XVIII",
   "source_url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2019-2022/2021/lei/l14286.htm"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/fx/fx-regime-and-repatriation/",
   "title": "FX and capital controls in Brazil: free convertibility, IOF costs and how to get dividends, loans and capital out",
   "change": "Lei nº 15.270 of 26 November 2025, in effect from 1 January 2026 (art. 8), ended the exemption that dividends sent abroad had enjoyed since 1996 and created the 10 percent withholding.",
   "norm_ref": "Lei nº 9.249, art. 10 §§ 4 and 5 and art. 10-A, inserted by Lei nº 15.270 of 26 November 2025",
   "source_url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l9249.htm"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/fx/fx-regime-and-repatriation/",
   "title": "FX and capital controls in Brazil: free convertibility, IOF costs and how to get dividends, loans and capital out",
   "change": "Decreto nº 12.499 of 11 June 2025 added item XVII-A (zero IOF on return of foreign direct investment) and item XXV (0.38 percent on other inflows). Congress suspended the decree by Decreto Legislativo nº 176 of 2025; on 16 July 2025 a Supreme Court (STF) injunction in ADC 96, issued ad referendum of the full court, restored it from 11 June 2025 except the rules on supplier finance (risco sacado).",
   "norm_ref": "Decreto nº 6.306 (IOF regulation), art. 15-B as worded by Decreto nº 12.499 of 11 June 2025; art. 16",
   "source_url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2007-2010/2007/decreto/d6306.htm"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/fx/fx-regime-and-repatriation/",
   "title": "FX and capital controls in Brazil: free convertibility, IOF costs and how to get dividends, loans and capital out",
   "change": "Decreto nº 12.466 of 22 May 2025 and then Decreto nº 12.499 of 11 June 2025 changed item XII from 6 percent on loans of up to 180 days to 3.5 percent on loans of up to 364 days.",
   "norm_ref": "Decreto nº 6.306, art. 15-B as worded by Decreto nº 12.499 of 11 June 2025",
   "source_url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2007-2010/2007/decreto/d6306.htm"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/fx/fx-regime-and-repatriation/",
   "title": "FX and capital controls in Brazil: free convertibility, IOF costs and how to get dividends, loans and capital out",
   "change": "Item XXIV (3.5 percent residual rate on outflows) was created by Decreto nº 12.466 of 22 May 2025 and kept by Decreto nº 12.499; item XXI-A (1.10 percent) was created by Decreto nº 12.499.",
   "norm_ref": "Decreto nº 6.306, art. 15-B as worded by Decreto nº 12.499 of 11 June 2025",
   "source_url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2007-2010/2007/decreto/d6306.htm"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/fx/fx-regime-and-repatriation/",
   "title": "FX and capital controls in Brazil: free convertibility, IOF costs and how to get dividends, loans and capital out",
   "change": "Resolução BCB nº 575 of 18 June 2026, in force from 1 October 2026, reworded arts. 7, 23, 28 and 29 to cover payments by any means (including the new foreign currency accounts) and not only FX remittances.",
   "norm_ref": "Resolução BCB nº 278, as amended by Resoluções BCB nº 348/2023, 492/2025 and 575/2026",
   "source_url": "https://www.bcb.gov.br/estabilidadefinanceira/exibenormativo?tipo=Resolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20BCB&numero=278"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/fx/fx-regime-and-repatriation/",
   "title": "FX and capital controls in Brazil: free convertibility, IOF costs and how to get dividends, loans and capital out",
   "change": "Resolução BCB nº 575 of 18 June 2026, in force from 1 October 2026, opened foreign currency accounts to exporters, foreign invested companies, external debtors and their foreign parents and lenders. Before, the list was limited to sectors such as tourism, insurers, energy projects and oil and gas.",
   "norm_ref": "Resolução BCB nº 277, art. 70 items XII to XVI and arts. 75-A and 75-B, and Resolução BCB nº 278, art. 3-A, inserted by Resolução BCB nº 575 of 18 June 2026",
   "source_url": "https://www.bcb.gov.br/estabilidadefinanceira/exibenormativo?tipo=Resolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20BCB&numero=575"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/labor/employment-law-essentials/",
   "title": "Employing people in Brazil: contracts, real cost of a hire, hours, dismissal and outsourcing",
   "change": "Raised from R$1,518.00 in 2025 to R$1,621.00 from 1 January 2026 (published in the DOU of 24 December 2025).",
   "norm_ref": "Decreto nº 12.797 of 23 December 2025 (under Lei nº 14.663/2023 and Lei nº 15.077/2024); Constituição Federal art. 7, IV and VII",
   "source_url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2023-2026/2025/decreto/d12797.htm"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/labor/employment-law-essentials/",
   "title": "Employing people in Brazil: contracts, real cost of a hire, hours, dismissal and outsourcing",
   "change": "Promulgated and published in the DOU extra edition of 16 October 2026. The 2 rest day rule (CF art. 7, XV) takes effect two months after publication; the rest of the amendment took effect on publication, with the hours cut phased to 42 hours after two months (mid December 2026) and 40 hours one year later (mid December 2027).",
   "norm_ref": "Emenda Constitucional nº 141 of 16 October 2026, amending Constituição Federal art. 7",
   "source_url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/constituicao/emendas/emc/emc141.htm"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/immigration/visas-and-residence/",
   "title": "Visas and residence in Brazil for investors, executives and staff",
   "change": "Decreto nº 12.657, published in the DOU of 8 October 2025, rewrote the list of business activities allowed to visitors (Decreto nº 9.199 art. 29 § 3), expressly including technical assistance and technology transfer under a contract, agreement or covenant between a foreign and a Brazilian legal entity.",
   "norm_ref": "Lei nº 13.445 of 24 May 2017 (Migration Law); Decreto nº 9.199 of 20 November 2017, art. 29 § 3 as worded by Decreto nº 12.657 of 7 October 2025",
   "source_url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2015-2018/2017/decreto/d9199.htm"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/immigration/visas-and-residence/",
   "title": "Visas and residence in Brazil for investors, executives and staff",
   "change": "Resolução CNIG/MJSP nº 49 of 25 June 2024 moved the decision to the Ministry of Justice and Public Security, required the foreign exchange contract as proof of the investment, and set the residence term as indefinite. Decreto nº 12.657 of 7 October 2025 abolished the CNIg (it revoked Decreto nº 9.873/2019) and provides that future investor requirements will be set by joint ordinance of the Ministers of Justice and of Foreign Affairs; the Ministry's digital library lists the CNIg resolutions with no express revocation.",
   "norm_ref": "Resolução Normativa CNIg nº 13 of 12 December 2017 (DOU of 22 December 2017), as amended by Resolução CNIG/MJSP nº 49 of 25 June 2024; Decreto nº 9.199 arts. 42 and 151",
   "source_url": "https://portaldeimigracao.mj.gov.br/images/resolucoes_normativas/RESOLU%C3%87%C3%83O_NORMATIVA_N%C2%BA_13_DE_12_DE_DEZEMBRO_DE_2017.pdf"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/immigration/visas-and-residence/",
   "title": "Visas and residence in Brazil for investors, executives and staff",
   "change": "Decreto nº 12.657 of 7 October 2025 provides that requirements for investment residence, including for executives, follow a joint act of the Ministers of Justice and Public Security and of Foreign Affairs (Decreto nº 9.199 arts. 43 § 2 and 151 § 4).",
   "norm_ref": "Decreto nº 9.199 of 20 November 2017, art. 151 § 4 as worded by Decreto nº 12.657 of 7 October 2025; Resolução Normativa CNIg nº 11 of 2017",
   "source_url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2015-2018/2017/decreto/d9199.htm"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/immigration/visas-and-residence/",
   "title": "Visas and residence in Brazil for investors, executives and staff",
   "change": "Resolução CNIG MJSP nº 46 of 9 December 2021 set the initial term at 4 years with conversion to indefinite residence, and added the minimum stay of 14 days every 2 years.",
   "norm_ref": "Resolução Normativa CNIg nº 36 of 9 October 2018 (DOU of 21 November 2018), as amended by Resolução CNIG MJSP nº 46 of 9 December 2021",
   "source_url": "https://portaldeimigracao.mj.gov.br/pt/nav-guiada/rn-36"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/trade/importing-and-exporting/",
   "title": "Importing and exporting in Brazil: the core rules",
   "change": "Emenda Constitucional nº 132 of 20 December 2023 extended export immunity, with full credit retention, to the new IBS that replaces ICMS and ISS during the tax reform transition.",
   "norm_ref": "Constituição Federal, as amended by Emendas Constitucionais nº 33 of 2001, nº 42 of 2003 and nº 132 of 2023",
   "source_url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/constituicao/constituicao.htm"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Brazil",
   "jurisdiction": "BR",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/brazil/guide/trade/importing-and-exporting/",
   "title": "Importing and exporting in Brazil: the core rules",
   "change": "Lei 14.286, in force one year after its publication at the end of 2021, removed the National Monetary Council limits and the rule that funds kept abroad could only be used for the exporter's own investments, financial applications or obligations.",
   "norm_ref": "Lei nº 11.371, as worded by Lei nº 14.286 of 29 December 2021",
   "source_url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2004-2006/2006/lei/l11371.htm"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Chile",
   "jurisdiction": "CL",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/chile/guide/start/start-here/",
   "title": "Start here: the legal gateways every foreign investor crosses in Chile",
   "change": "Ley Nº 21.850, promulgated 9 October 2026 and published in the Diario Oficial on 17 October 2026, legislated a gradual cut of the general corporate rate from 27 percent to 23 percent by commercial year 2029.",
   "norm_ref": "Ley Nº 21.850 (National Reconstruction and Economic and Social Development Law)",
   "source_url": "https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1229250"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Chile",
   "jurisdiction": "CL",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/chile/guide/start/start-here/",
   "title": "Start here: the legal gateways every foreign investor crosses in Chile",
   "change": "Created by Ley Nº 21.850, published in the Diario Oficial on 17 October 2026, with application from 1 January 2027.",
   "norm_ref": "Ley Nº 21.850",
   "source_url": "https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1229250"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Chile",
   "jurisdiction": "CL",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/chile/guide/macro/economy-at-a-glance/",
   "title": "Chile macro at a glance: the rules behind rates, inflation, the budget and the peso",
   "change": "Ley Nº 21.683, published 14 August 2024, turned the structural balance rule into a dual rule by adding the medium term gross debt anchor and introduced the escape clause of art. 1 ter. Under the new rule the current administration set its targets in Decreto Nº 486 of 2026 of the Ministry of Finance: a structural deficit falling from 2.6 percent of GDP in 2026 to 1.5 percent in 2030, with the debt anchor at 45 percent of GDP. DIPRES reported on 14 July 2026 that the decree was announced on 9 June 2026 and was then under review by the Contraloría General de la República.",
   "norm_ref": "Ley Nº 20.128 (Fiscal Responsibility Law), as amended by Ley Nº 21.683",
   "source_url": "https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=253645"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Chile",
   "jurisdiction": "CL",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/chile/guide/investing/foreign-investment-regime/",
   "title": "Foreign investment in Chile: the framework law, FX and remittance rights, incentives, tax stability contracts and restricted sectors",
   "change": "Ley Nº 20.848 (25 June 2015) wrote the current exemption into DL 825 from 1 January 2016, requiring income only after at least twelve months and, for foreign investors, the InvestChile certificate. The consolidated text in force on the verification date runs the test from two months after the first import, the environmental approval or the land concession, and no longer requires the certificate to be attached.",
   "norm_ref": "Decreto Ley Nº 825 (Ley sobre Impuesto a las Ventas y Servicios), text in force; Ley Nº 20.848",
   "source_url": "https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=6369"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Chile",
   "jurisdiction": "CL",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/chile/guide/investing/foreign-investment-regime/",
   "title": "Foreign investment in Chile: the framework law, FX and remittance rights, incentives, tax stability contracts and restricted sectors",
   "change": "New regime created by Ley Nº 21.850, published in the Diario Oficial on 17 October 2026, effective 1 January 2027. The Ministry of Finance must issue regulations within six months on reorganization reporting and on minimum terms of the arbitration clause, and the SII must issue a resolution on separate accounting.",
   "norm_ref": "Ley Nº 21.850 (National Reconstruction and Economic and Social Development Law)",
   "source_url": "https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1229250"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Chile",
   "jurisdiction": "CL",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/chile/guide/investing/foreign-investment-regime/",
   "title": "Foreign investment in Chile: the framework law, FX and remittance rights, incentives, tax stability contracts and restricted sectors",
   "change": "Ley Nº 21.850, published 17 October 2026, set the step down from 27 percent in 2026 to 23 percent from 2029.",
   "norm_ref": "Ley Nº 21.850",
   "source_url": "https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1229250"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Chile",
   "jurisdiction": "CL",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/chile/guide/investing/foreign-investment-regime/",
   "title": "Foreign investment in Chile: the framework law, FX and remittance rights, incentives, tax stability contracts and restricted sectors",
   "change": "Ley Nº 21.774, published 19 November 2025, replaced art. 3 to open cabotage to competition, adding the regular service and outbound route exceptions. The outbound route exception phases in at 50 percent of the unloaded cargo in the first year and 100 percent in the second, and the new rules apply between points in the Los Lagos, Aysén and Magallanes regions only three years after publication (Ley Nº 21.774, second and third transitory articles).",
   "norm_ref": "Decreto Ley Nº 3.059 (Ley de Fomento a la Marina Mercante), art. 3 as replaced by Ley Nº 21.774",
   "source_url": "https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=7052"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Chile",
   "jurisdiction": "CL",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/chile/guide/entities/choosing-an-entity/",
   "title": "Choosing a legal entity in Chile: SpA, S.A., Ltda., EIRL or branch, with registry, capital, governance and annual cost rules",
   "change": "Ley Nº 21.608, published in the Diario Oficial on 23 September 2023, replaced \"un mes contado\" with \"sesenta días contados\" in the first paragraph of art. 426, doubling the deadline to register and publish the SpA extract under the traditional (non online) route from one month to 60 days.",
   "norm_ref": "Código de Comercio, Book II, Title VII, paragraph 8 (added by Ley Nº 20.190); art. 426 as amended by Ley Nº 21.608",
   "source_url": "https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1974"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Chile",
   "jurisdiction": "CL",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/chile/guide/entities/choosing-an-entity/",
   "title": "Choosing a legal entity in Chile: SpA, S.A., Ltda., EIRL or branch, with registry, capital, governance and annual cost rules",
   "change": "The 2,000 shareholder trigger in art. 2 of Ley Nº 18.046 is in the text in force since 4 January 2023; SII Circular Nº 46 of 2008 described the earlier test of 500 shareholders, or 10 percent of capital held by at least 100 shareholders.",
   "norm_ref": "Ley Nº 18.046 (Corporations Law); Código de Comercio",
   "source_url": "https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=29473"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Chile",
   "jurisdiction": "CL",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/chile/guide/entities/choosing-an-entity/",
   "title": "Choosing a legal entity in Chile: SpA, S.A., Ltda., EIRL or branch, with registry, capital, governance and annual cost rules",
   "change": "Ley Nº 21.850, published in the Diario Oficial on 17 October 2026, set the step down from 27 percent in 2026 to 23 percent from commercial year 2029.",
   "norm_ref": "Ley Nº 21.850 (National Reconstruction and Economic and Social Development Law); SII Circular Nº 46 of 2008",
   "source_url": "https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1229250"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Chile",
   "jurisdiction": "CL",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/chile/guide/fx/fx-and-capital-controls/",
   "title": "FX and capital controls in Chile: free exchange, the formal FX market, Central Bank reporting, and getting capital, dividends and interest out",
   "change": "The new FX Compendium, published in the Diario Oficial on 30 January 2024, replaced the former Compendium and repealed all its chapters and its Manual from 1 January 2026.",
   "norm_ref": "Ley Nº 18.840; FX Compendium (CNCI) approved by Central Bank Agreement Nº 2617-03-240125",
   "source_url": "https://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2024/01/30/43763/01/2446335.pdf"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Chile",
   "jurisdiction": "CL",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/chile/guide/fx/fx-and-capital-controls/",
   "title": "FX and capital controls in Chile: free exchange, the formal FX market, Central Bank reporting, and getting capital, dividends and interest out",
   "change": "From 1 January 2026 the former Chapter XIV (liabilities with abroad) and Chapter XII (assets abroad) were folded into Chapter II, Letter B, Section IV of the new Compendium, with reporting through the Central Bank's FX information system (SICAM).",
   "norm_ref": "FX Compendium (CNCI) approved by Central Bank Agreement Nº 2617-03-240125, in force from 1 January 2026",
   "source_url": "https://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2024/01/30/43763/01/2446335.pdf"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Chile",
   "jurisdiction": "CL",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/chile/guide/fx/fx-and-capital-controls/",
   "title": "FX and capital controls in Chile: free exchange, the formal FX market, Central Bank reporting, and getting capital, dividends and interest out",
   "change": "Art. 49 Nº 2 was amended by Ley Nº 21.641 (Diario Oficial 30 December 2023), art. 3 Nº 8.",
   "norm_ref": "Ley Nº 18.840; FX Compendium (CNCI)",
   "source_url": "https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=30216"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Chile",
   "jurisdiction": "CL",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/chile/guide/fx/fx-and-capital-controls/",
   "title": "FX and capital controls in Chile: free exchange, the formal FX market, Central Bank reporting, and getting capital, dividends and interest out",
   "change": "Ley Nº 21.850 (Diario Oficial 17 October 2026) repeals the final paragraph of art. 63 (the restitution rule) from 1 January 2027, but its fifth transitory article keeps a restitution of 30 percent for corporate tax credits generated in tax year 2028 and 20 percent for those generated in tax year 2029.",
   "norm_ref": "Decreto Ley Nº 824, Ley sobre Impuesto a la Renta",
   "source_url": "https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=6368"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Chile",
   "jurisdiction": "CL",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/chile/guide/taxes/tax-system-overview/",
   "title": "Taxes in Chile: the core system for foreign investors, from corporate tax and the integrated dividend regime to withholding, VAT and the tax calendar",
   "change": "Ley Nº 21.850 (Diario Oficial 17 October 2026) cuts the general rate from 27 percent to 25.5 percent for commercial year 2027, 24 percent for 2028 and 23 percent from 2029. Monthly provisional payment rates for January to March of 2027, 2028 and 2029 are reduced by 5.56, 5.88 and 4.17 percent respectively to reflect the cuts (seventh transitory article).",
   "norm_ref": "Decreto Ley Nº 824, Ley sobre Impuesto a la Renta, as amended by Ley Nº 21.850",
   "source_url": "https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1229250"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Chile",
   "jurisdiction": "CL",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/chile/guide/taxes/tax-system-overview/",
   "title": "Taxes in Chile: the core system for foreign investors, from corporate tax and the integrated dividend regime to withholding, VAT and the tax calendar",
   "change": "Ley Nº 21.755 (Diario Oficial 11 July 2025) cut the Pro Pyme rate from 25 percent to 12.5 percent for 2025 to 2027 and 15 percent for 2028, subject to the pension contribution schedule. From 1 January 2029 Ley Nº 21.850 also lowers the Pro Pyme provisional payment rates in art. 14 letter D Nº 3 literal (k) from 0.25 percent to 0.23 percent.",
   "norm_ref": "Ley Nº 21.755; Decreto Ley Nº 824",
   "source_url": "https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1214890"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Chile",
   "jurisdiction": "CL",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/chile/guide/taxes/tax-system-overview/",
   "title": "Taxes in Chile: the core system for foreign investors, from corporate tax and the integrated dividend regime to withholding, VAT and the tax calendar",
   "change": "Ley Nº 21.850 (Diario Oficial 17 October 2026) repeals the restitution rule from 1 January 2027, but keeps a restitution of 30 percent for first category credits generated in tax year 2028 (commercial year 2027) and 20 percent for those of tax year 2029 (commercial year 2028), with the treaty country exception preserved. Credits accumulated up to 31 December 2026 are allocated first, in the form and order in force on that date.",
   "norm_ref": "Decreto Ley Nº 824, as amended by Ley Nº 21.850",
   "source_url": "https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=6368"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Mexico",
   "jurisdiction": "MX",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/mexico/guide/start/start-here/",
   "title": "Start here: the legal gateways every foreign investor crosses in Mexico",
   "change": "The art. 9 asset threshold rose from MXN 26,978,252,017.64 (Sixth General Resolution, DOF 24 June 2024) to MXN 28,623,925,390.72, adjusted by Mexico's 2024 nominal GDP growth of 6.1 percent; published DOF 5 August 2025 and in force from the following day. It applies until the CNIE issues a new general resolution.",
   "norm_ref": "LIE; Resolución General por la que se determina el monto del valor total de los activos a que hace referencia el artículo 9o. de la LIE, DOF 5 August 2025",
   "source_url": "https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5764663&fecha=05/08/2025"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Mexico",
   "jurisdiction": "MX",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/mexico/guide/macro/overview/",
   "title": "Mexico's economy at a glance: the rules behind rates, inflation, the peso and the budget",
   "change": "On 7 May 2026 Banxico cut the target rate by 25 basis points to 6.50 percent and described the move as closing the easing cycle that began in March 2024. It then held at 6.50 percent on 25 June, 6 August and 24 September 2026. The 24 September statement said Mexican policy does not have to react mechanically to US Federal Reserve moves.",
   "norm_ref": "Ley del Banco de México, DOF 23 December 1993 (Chamber of Deputies consolidated text); Programa Monetario 2026, Banco de México; Anuncio de Política Monetaria of 24 September 2026",
   "source_url": "https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/74.pdf"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Mexico",
   "jurisdiction": "MX",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/mexico/guide/macro/overview/",
   "title": "Mexico's economy at a glance: the rules behind rates, inflation, the peso and the budget",
   "change": "The 2027 Economic Package, delivered to Congress on 8 September 2026, targets RFSP of 3.9 percent of GDP for 2027 (1.8 points below 2024), after a 2026 target of 4.1 percent, with the SHRFSP debt stock projected at 55.0 percent of GDP at the end of 2027.",
   "norm_ref": "Ley Federal de Presupuesto y Responsabilidad Hacendaria (LFPRH), DOF 30 March 2006, last reform DOF 9 April 2026; Reglamento de la LFPRH, DOF 28 June 2006, last reform DOF 8 August 2025",
   "source_url": "https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/LFPRH.pdf"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Mexico",
   "jurisdiction": "MX",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/mexico/guide/macro/overview/",
   "title": "Mexico's economy at a glance: the rules behind rates, inflation, the peso and the budget",
   "change": "Pending: the Chamber of Deputies approved the 2027 Federal Revenue Law in October 2026 (331 votes in favor and 118 against in general) with a net domestic borrowing ceiling of MXN 1.7 trillion and net external borrowing of up to USD 13,500 million, and sent it to the Senate. It is not law until the Senate approves it and it is published in the DOF.",
   "norm_ref": "Ley de Ingresos de la Federación para el Ejercicio Fiscal de 2026, DOF 7 November 2025, in force 1 January 2026",
   "source_url": "https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/LIF_2026.pdf"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Mexico",
   "jurisdiction": "MX",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/mexico/guide/macro/overview/",
   "title": "Mexico's economy at a glance: the rules behind rates, inflation, the peso and the budget",
   "change": "1 July 2026: the joint review ended without an immediate 16 year extension; the parties moved to annual reviews with the treaty in force until 2036 (Ministry of Economy statement on the fifth Free Trade Commission meeting).",
   "norm_ref": "Decreto Promulgatorio del Protocolo por el que se sustituye el Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte por el Tratado entre los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, los Estados Unidos de América y Canadá, DOF 29 June 2020",
   "source_url": "https://dof.gob.mx/2020/SRE/T_MEC_290620.pdf"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Mexico",
   "jurisdiction": "MX",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/mexico/guide/investing/overview/",
   "title": "Investing in Mexico: the foreign investment regime, screening and the Plan México incentives",
   "change": "Senate approval on 30 September 2026; the bill is pending in the Chamber of Deputies as of 25 October 2026. If enacted, CNIE silence on national security reviews would mean denial, not approval as under LIE art. 28 today.",
   "norm_ref": "Dictamen de las Comisiones Unidas de Economía y de Estudios Legislativos, Primera, del Senado, con proyecto de decreto por el que se reforman, adicionan y derogan diversas disposiciones de la LIE",
   "source_url": "http://sil.gobernacion.gob.mx/Archivos/Documentos/2026/09/asun_5149755_20260930_1791218097.pdf"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Mexico",
   "jurisdiction": "MX",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/mexico/guide/entities/choosing-an-entity/",
   "title": "Choosing a legal entity in Mexico: S.A., S. de R.L., S.A.S. or branch, with capital, governance, registration and annual compliance rules",
   "change": "LGSM decree DOF 20 October 2023 expressly allowed board and shareholder meetings by electronic means (arts. 6, fraction XIV, 143 and 178).",
   "norm_ref": "Ley General de Sociedades Mercantiles (General Law of Commercial Companies, LGSM), DOF 4 August 1934, last reform DOF 20 October 2023",
   "source_url": "https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/LGSM.pdf"
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-25",
   "country": "Mexico",
   "jurisdiction": "MX",
   "page_url": "https://latamthread.com/country/mexico/guide/entities/choosing-an-entity/",
   "title": "Choosing a legal entity in Mexico: S.A., S. de R.L., S.A.S. or branch, with capital, governance, registration and annual compliance rules",
   "change": "The SAS revenue cap rose from MXN 7,398,448.74 for 2025 to MXN 7,678,849.94 for 2026 (Ministry of Economy agreement in force 1 January 2026).",
   "norm_ref": "Ley General de Sociedades Mercantiles (General Law of Commercial Companies, LGSM), DOF 4 August 1934, last reform DOF 20 October 2023; Acuerdo por el que se da a conocer el factor de actualización a los ingresos totales anuales de una sociedad por acciones simplificada, Ministry of Economy, signed 17 December 2025, in force 1 January 2026",
   "source_url": "https://sidof.segob.gob.mx/notas/docFuente/5777134"
  }
 ]
}