Countries › Peru › Guide › 10. Capital markets and finance › Financial consumer protection and credit bureaus in Peru: effective cost disclosure, prepayment without penalty, payment imputation, complaints, Indecopi fines, the SBS risk registry and private credit bureaus
Financial consumer protection and credit bureaus in Peru: effective cost disclosure, prepayment without penalty, payment imputation, complaints, Indecopi fines, the SBS risk registry and private credit bureaus
Last verified: 2026-10-28 · Status: Stable
Financial firms selling to consumers in Peru must show the total effective annual cost (TCEA) of loans and the effective annual yield (TREA) of deposits in every channel, may not charge any penalty for total or partial prepayment, must explain how payments are applied, and must resolve complaints within the SBS deadlines, while consumers can go straight to Indecopi, which may fine up to 450 UIT (S/ 2,475,000 in 2026). The SBS runs a central risk registry fed daily by supervised firms, and private credit bureaus may collect credit data from public and private sources without the debtor's consent but may not report sensitive data or debts more than two years after they were extinguished or five years after they fell due. Ley 31143 added SBS approval of contracts, summary sheets and fees, the ban on late fees and compounding, and a 7 business day deadline to release guarantees after repayment.
USD figures use S/ 3.452 per US dollar, the banking system selling rate published by the Superintendencia de Banca, Seguros y AFP for 27 October 2026 as shown in the Banco Central de Reserva del Perú statistics series PD04640PD. Amounts the law sets in soles, UIT or dollars are quoted as written; the 2026 UIT is S/ 5,500 under Decreto Supremo Nº 301-2025-EF. Conversions are for orientation only.
Key facts
| Total effective annual cost disclosure required | Yes, in all channels textLey 29571 art. 82, as of 2010-09-02 · in force |
|---|---|
| Prepayment penalties on consumer instalment credit | Prohibited textLey 29571 art. 86, as of 2010-09-02 · in force |
| Maximum Indecopi consumer fine | 450 UITLey 29571 art. 110, as of 2016-12-30 · in force |
| Public credit registry | SBS Central de Riesgos textLey 26702 art. 158, as of 1996-12-09 · in force |
| Debtor consent needed for bureau data collection | No textLey 27489 art. 7.1, as of 2002-11-13 · in force |
| Retention of paid debts in bureau reports | 2 yearsLey 27489 art. 10 d), as of 2002-11-13 · in force |
| Retention of unpaid debts from maturity | 5 yearsLey 27489 art. 10 d), as of 2002-11-13 · in force |
The rule
1. Financial service providers must disclose clearly and prominently, in every channel used to offer products including in person and orally, the TCEA for loans and the TREA for deposits. The TCEA equates the present value of all instalments and payments with the amount actually received, and the TREA equates the amount deposited with the present value of what is received at maturity; both include interest and all direct and indirect costs, under SBS parameters.
Cost to do it: No fee; disclosure and systems cost.
Example: A bank advertising a personal loan on social media must show the TCEA, not only the nominal rate. / A foreign lender partnering with a Peruvian bank should expect all marketing to carry the TCEA.Ley Nº 29571, Código de Protección y Defensa del Consumidor (published 2 September 2010), text with amendment notes published by Banco de la Nación; art. 82 as amended, Art. 82, 2010-09-02 official text · verified 2026-10-28
Cost to do it: No fee; disclosure and systems cost.
Example: A bank advertising a personal loan on social media must show the TCEA, not only the nominal rate. / A foreign lender partnering with a Peruvian bank should expect all marketing to carry the TCEA.Ley Nº 29571, Código de Protección y Defensa del Consumidor (published 2 September 2010), text with amendment notes published by Banco de la Nación; art. 82 as amended, Art. 82, 2010-09-02 official text · verified 2026-10-28
2. In any instalment credit, consumers may prepay all or part of the balance at any time, with a corresponding reduction in compensatory interest to the payment date and in related fees and charges, without penalties or charges of any kind.
Cost to do it: No prepayment penalty can be charged to consumers.
Example: A consumer who repays S/ 30,000 of a S/ 50,000 car loan early pays no penalty and stops accruing interest on that amount. / On a loan of about US$14,484, break costs that are common abroad cannot be passed to Peruvian consumers.Ley Nº 29571, Código de Protección y Defensa del Consumidor (published 2 September 2010), text with amendment notes published by Banco de la Nación, Art. 86, 2010-09-02 official text · verified 2026-10-28
Cost to do it: No prepayment penalty can be charged to consumers.
Example: A consumer who repays S/ 30,000 of a S/ 50,000 car loan early pays no penalty and stops accruing interest on that amount. / On a loan of about US$14,484, break costs that are common abroad cannot be passed to Peruvian consumers.Ley Nº 29571, Código de Protección y Defensa del Consumidor (published 2 September 2010), text with amendment notes published by Banco de la Nación, Art. 86, 2010-09-02 official text · verified 2026-10-28
3. Consumers must be told the conditions of each obligation under the same credit contract, including rates, charges, due dates and the order in which payments are applied. In adhesion contracts of SBS supervised firms, the agreed order of imputation may not cause a disproportionate increase in the debt unless the firm proves real negotiation and informed the consumer separately. Without a valid agreement, payments go first to the least secured obligation, then the most onerous, then the oldest.
Cost to do it: No fee; contract drafting point.
Example: A card with cash advances at a higher rate must apply payments by the contractual order disclosed, or the legal default order. / Global card templates that apply payments to the cheapest balance first can be challenged in Peru.Ley Nº 29571, Código de Protección y Defensa del Consumidor (published 2 September 2010), text with amendment notes published by Banco de la Nación, Art. 87, 2010-09-02 official text · verified 2026-10-28
Cost to do it: No fee; contract drafting point.
Example: A card with cash advances at a higher rate must apply payments by the contractual order disclosed, or the legal default order. / Global card templates that apply payments to the cheapest balance first can be challenged in Peru.Ley Nº 29571, Código de Protección y Defensa del Consumidor (published 2 September 2010), text with amendment notes published by Banco de la Nación, Art. 87, 2010-09-02 official text · verified 2026-10-28
4. Supervised financial and insurance firms must resolve complaints within the deadlines in their regulations, in all offices, and complaints are filed and recorded as the SBS determines; the consumer may go directly to the consumer authority.
Cost to do it: No fee for the consumer.
Example: A client disputing a card charge can file with the bank and, at the same time, with Indecopi. / Foreign banks with Peruvian retail operations need an SBS compliant complaints register.Ley Nº 29571, Código de Protección y Defensa del Consumidor (published 2 September 2010), text with amendment notes published by Banco de la Nación, Art. 88, 2010-09-02 official text · verified 2026-10-28
Cost to do it: No fee for the consumer.
Example: A client disputing a card charge can file with the bank and, at the same time, with Indecopi. / Foreign banks with Peruvian retail operations need an SBS compliant complaints register.Ley Nº 29571, Código de Protección y Defensa del Consumidor (published 2 September 2010), text with amendment notes published by Banco de la Nación, Art. 88, 2010-09-02 official text · verified 2026-10-28
5. Indecopi may sanction consumer law infractions with warnings and fines of up to 450 UIT: minor infractions up to 50 UIT, serious up to 150 UIT and very serious up to 450 UIT, with caps of 10 percent of prior year revenue for micro and 20 percent for small businesses in defined cases, besides corrective measures and civil or criminal liability.
Cost to do it: Fines up to 50 UIT (S/ 275,000), 150 UIT (S/ 825,000) or 450 UIT (S/ 2,475,000, US$716,976) in 2026.
Example: A lender that charged unapproved fees to thousands of clients risks a very serious infraction fine of up to S/ 2,475,000. / The ceiling is about US$716,976 per infraction at the 2026 UIT, plus refunds ordered as corrective measures.Ley Nº 29571, Código de Protección y Defensa del Consumidor (published 2 September 2010), text with amendment notes published by Banco de la Nación; art. 110 as amended by Decreto Legislativo Nº 1308 (30 December 2016), Art. 110, 2016-12-30 official text · verified 2026-10-28
Cost to do it: Fines up to 50 UIT (S/ 275,000), 150 UIT (S/ 825,000) or 450 UIT (S/ 2,475,000, US$716,976) in 2026.
Example: A lender that charged unapproved fees to thousands of clients risks a very serious infraction fine of up to S/ 2,475,000. / The ceiling is about US$716,976 per infraction at the 2026 UIT, plus refunds ordered as corrective measures.Ley Nº 29571, Código de Protección y Defensa del Consumidor (published 2 September 2010), text with amendment notes published by Banco de la Nación; art. 110 as amended by Decreto Legislativo Nº 1308 (30 December 2016), Art. 110, 2016-12-30 official text · verified 2026-10-28
6. The SBS keeps an integrated registry of financial, credit, commercial and insurance risks (Central de Riesgos) with consolidated and classified debtor information; supervised firms must feed it periodically, daily where computerized, and must obtain from each credit applicant the information the SBS requires before lending. Private credit bureaus may be freely set up and the SBS may transfer its registry to the private sector.
Cost to do it: No cost to debtors; lenders bear reporting costs.
Example: A finance company checks the SBS risk report on a new client before approving a S/ 20,000 loan. / Foreign lenders to Peruvian SMEs commonly rely on SBS and private bureau reports for underwriting.Ley Nº 26702 (published 9 December 1996), Art. 158, art. 159 and art. 160, 1996-12-09 official text · verified 2026-10-28
Cost to do it: No cost to debtors; lenders bear reporting costs.
Example: A finance company checks the SBS risk report on a new client before approving a S/ 20,000 loan. / Foreign lenders to Peruvian SMEs commonly rely on SBS and private bureau reports for underwriting.Ley Nº 26702 (published 9 December 1996), Art. 158, art. 159 and art. 160, 1996-12-09 official text · verified 2026-10-28
7. Private credit bureaus (CEPIRS) may collect risk information from public and private sources without the data subject's authorization. They may not keep or report sensitive information, information that breaches bank or tax secrecy, illegal, inaccurate or wrong information, or information on civil, commercial or tax defaults once 2 years have passed since the debt was extinguished or 5 years since it fell due, nor economic sanctions after 2 years from their execution or extinction or 5 years from their imposition, nor insolvency information after 2 years from its lifting or 5 years from its declaration; protests follow the securities instruments law. Data subjects have rights of access, modification, cancellation, rectification and update.
Cost to do it: Rectification requests are free under the law's rights; bureau reports for lenders are priced commercially.
Example: A consumer who paid off a debt in January 2024 can demand its removal from private bureau reports from January 2026. / A company whose unpaid invoice fell due in 2020 can ask for removal in 2025 even if unpaid, as five years have passed since maturity.Ley Nº 27489 (El Peruano 28 June 2001), art. 7 and art. 10 as amended, and art. 13, by Ley Nº 27863 (El Peruano 13 November 2002), Ley 27489 art. 7.1, art. 10 and art. 13, 2002-11-13 official text · verified 2026-10-28 · changed: Ley Nº 27863 of 13 November 2002 replaced the original five year retention in art. 10 with two years from extinction or five years from maturity.
Cost to do it: Rectification requests are free under the law's rights; bureau reports for lenders are priced commercially.
Example: A consumer who paid off a debt in January 2024 can demand its removal from private bureau reports from January 2026. / A company whose unpaid invoice fell due in 2020 can ask for removal in 2025 even if unpaid, as five years have passed since maturity.Ley Nº 27489 (El Peruano 28 June 2001), art. 7 and art. 10 as amended, and art. 13, by Ley Nº 27863 (El Peruano 13 November 2002), Ley 27489 art. 7.1, art. 10 and art. 13, 2002-11-13 official text · verified 2026-10-28 · changed: Ley Nº 27863 of 13 November 2002 replaced the original five year retention in art. 10 with two years from extinction or five years from maturity.
| Infraction | UIT | Soles | USD approx. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Minor | Warning or up to 50 | S/ 275,000 | US$79,664 |
| Serious | Up to 150 | S/ 825,000 | US$238,992 |
| Very serious | Up to 450 | S/ 2,475,000 | US$716,976 |
Indecopi consumer fine bands in 2026 (UIT S/ 5,500; USD at S/ 3.452)
Worked example
- Prepayment: a borrower with S/ 40,000 outstanding pays S/ 40,000 early; the lender may collect interest only to the payment date and no penalty. In dollars, about US$11,587.
- Credit report clean up: a debt paid on 15 March 2024 must disappear from private bureau reports by 15 March 2026.
Step by step
- Show TCEA or TREA in every advertisement and sales script.
- Remove prepayment penalties and late fees from consumer contracts; file contracts and fees with the SBS.
- Disclose payment imputation order in separate documents where it departs from the legal default.
- Run an SBS compliant complaints process with registry and deadlines.
- Report daily to the SBS risk registry and purge bureau data on the 2 or 5 year rules.
Common traps
- The Banco de la Nación copy of the consumer code carries amendment notes only up to about 2019; check later amendments before relying on a specific article.
- Indecopi fines are per infraction and come with corrective refunds, which can exceed the fine.
- Bureaus must report the extinction date of debts and correct data at their own cost when it is wrong.
Sources
- Ley Nº 29571, consumer code with amendment notes (Banco de la Nación)
- Ley Nº 26702 text with amendment notes (Congreso de la República library)
- Ley Nº 27489, El Peruano 28 June 2001 (Congreso de la República)
- Ley Nº 27863, El Peruano 13 November 2002 (Congreso de la República)
- Ley Nº 31143 consolidated text (Congreso de la República)
Related pages
- finance/interest-rates-usury-and-loan-terms
- finance/banks-and-foreign-bank-branches
- disputes/consumer-claims
- regulation/regulatory-compliance-essentials
- finance/capital-markets-banking-and-credit
- /country/peru/
- /calendar/
- Live dashboard
Related: Peru country profile · live dashboard · central bank and release calendar · our posts on X
← Insurance and reinsurance in Peru: SBS licensing and capital, buying cover abroad, foreign reinsurers, brokers, and the insurance contract law on premiums and claimsSecured lending and collateral in Peru: movable collateral and the SUNARP SIGM notice system, priority and purchase money security, out of court enforcement, mortgages and security trusts →
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