Countries › Peru › Guide › 9. Trade and customs › Peru's trade agreements and rules of origin: 25 agreements, certificates of origin and how to claim preferences
Peru's trade agreements and rules of origin: 25 agreements, certificates of origin and how to claim preferences
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Last verified: 2026-10-28 · Status: Changing
Peru has 25 trade agreements in force with 60 economies covering about 82 percent of world GDP, and MINCETUR says 87 percent of Peruvian exports go to markets with preferential access. The newest, with Hong Kong, took effect on 1 September 2026. Preferences apply only to goods that meet each agreement's origin rules and are proved by a certificate or declaration of origin; Peruvian certificates are issued through the VUCE single window by private bodies authorised by MINCETUR. Argentina trades with Peru under the Mercosur agreement ACE 58.
USD figures are converted at S/ 3.452 per US dollar, the banking system selling rate published by the Superintendencia de Banca, Seguros y AFP for 27 October 2026, from the Banco Central de Reserva del Perú statistics series PD04640PD. Amounts set by law in US dollars are quoted as written, and amounts set in UIT use the 2026 UIT of S/ 5,500 (Decreto Supremo Nº 301-2025-EF, as cited in SUNAT Resolución de Superintendencia Nº 000016-2026). Conversions are for orientation only.
Key facts
| Trade agreements in force | 25 agreementsMINCETUR press note 27 Oct 2026, as of 2026-10-27 · in force |
|---|---|
| Economies covered by trade agreements in force | 60 economiesMINCETUR press note 27 Oct 2026, as of 2026-10-27 · in force |
| Share of world GDP covered by trade agreements in force | 82 %MINCETUR press note 27 Oct 2026, as of 2026-10-27 · in force |
| Share of exports going to markets with preferential access | 87 %MINCETUR press note 26 Aug 2026, as of 2026-08-26 · in force |
| Peru and United States Trade Promotion Agreement in force since | 2009-02-01 dateDS 009-2009-MINCETUR, as of 2026-10-28 · in force |
| Peru and Hong Kong FTA in force since | 2026-09-01 dateDS 030-2026-RE, as of 2026-10-28 · in force |
| Framework for trade with Argentina | ACE 58 Peru and Mercosur, in force with Argentina since 2 January 2006 textDS 035-2005-MINCETUR, as of 2026-10-28 · in force |
| Certificates of origin issued in 2025 | 216838 certificatesMINCETUR press note 27 Oct 2026, as of 2026-10-27 · in force |
The rule
1. As of October 2026 Peru has 25 trade agreements in force with 60 economies, representing about 82 percent of world GDP. In August 2026 MINCETUR gave the figure as 24 agreements with 59 economies and stated that 87 percent of Peruvian exports go to markets with preferential access. In January 2026 the count was 23, and MINCETUR listed India, the United Arab Emirates and Thailand (in its final stage) as negotiations, the optimisation of the agreements with China, Hong Kong and Guatemala, and talks with Uruguay, El Salvador and Argentina, including evaluation of modernising the existing agreement with Argentina.
Cost to do it: Using an agreement is free at the Peruvian border; the saving is the duty on qualifying goods. Certificates of origin for Peruvian exports are issued by authorised private entities, whose charges are not set by law.
Example: Goods in an 11 percent line with a full preference save S/ 37,972 of duty on S/ 345,200 of customs value. / US$11,000 of duty saved on a US$100,000 shipment, before IGV, which is then charged on a lower base.MINCETUR press notes of 9 January 2026, 26 August 2026 and 27 October 2026, Official count of agreements in force, 2026-10-27 official text · verified 2026-10-28 · changed: The count rose from 23 agreements (MINCETUR, 9 January 2026) to 24 with 59 economies (26 August 2026) and 25 with 60 economies (27 October 2026), including the Hong Kong agreement in force since 1 September 2026.
Cost to do it: Using an agreement is free at the Peruvian border; the saving is the duty on qualifying goods. Certificates of origin for Peruvian exports are issued by authorised private entities, whose charges are not set by law.
Example: Goods in an 11 percent line with a full preference save S/ 37,972 of duty on S/ 345,200 of customs value. / US$11,000 of duty saved on a US$100,000 shipment, before IGV, which is then charged on a lower base.MINCETUR press notes of 9 January 2026, 26 August 2026 and 27 October 2026, Official count of agreements in force, 2026-10-27 official text · verified 2026-10-28 · changed: The count rose from 23 agreements (MINCETUR, 9 January 2026) to 24 with 59 economies (26 August 2026) and 25 with 60 economies (27 October 2026), including the Hong Kong agreement in force since 1 September 2026.
2. The Peru and Hong Kong Free Trade Agreement was signed in Lima on 15 November 2024, ratified by Decreto Supremo Nº 030-2026-RE (published 15 July 2026) and took effect on 1 September 2026. MINCETUR states it permanently guarantees zero tariffs for Peruvian originating goods and sets a framework for trade in services such as IT, software, audiovisual, consulting and digital services. Peruvian exports to Hong Kong were US$237.8 million in 2025 and imports US$28.6 million.
Cost to do it: No duty on originating goods at Hong Kong, which MINCETUR says the agreement now locks in.
Example: A Peruvian blueberry exporter shipping S/ 345,200 to Hong Kong keeps zero tariff access under a binding treaty rather than unilateral treatment. / On US$100,000 of blueberries, the tariff stays at zero by treaty.Acuerdo de Libre Comercio entre la República del Perú y Hong Kong, China; Decreto Supremo Nº 030-2026-RE (published 15 July 2026), Entry into force 1 September 2026, 2026-09-01 official text · verified 2026-10-28 · changed: In force from 1 September 2026, the 24th agreement in MINCETUR's count.
Cost to do it: No duty on originating goods at Hong Kong, which MINCETUR says the agreement now locks in.
Example: A Peruvian blueberry exporter shipping S/ 345,200 to Hong Kong keeps zero tariff access under a binding treaty rather than unilateral treatment. / On US$100,000 of blueberries, the tariff stays at zero by treaty.Acuerdo de Libre Comercio entre la República del Perú y Hong Kong, China; Decreto Supremo Nº 030-2026-RE (published 15 July 2026), Entry into force 1 September 2026, 2026-09-01 official text · verified 2026-10-28 · changed: In force from 1 September 2026, the 24th agreement in MINCETUR's count.
3. Major agreements and their Peruvian implementing decrees, as recorded in SUNAT's procedures and MINCETUR notes: the Trade Promotion Agreement with the United States, approved by Resolución Legislativa Nº 28766 (29 June 2006) and in force since 1 February 2009 under Decreto Supremo Nº 009-2009-MINCETUR (17 January 2009); the Free Trade Agreement with China, ratified by Decreto Supremo Nº 092-2009-RE (6 December 2009) and put into execution by Decreto Supremo Nº 005-2010-MINCETUR (25 February 2010); the Trade Agreement with the European Union, put into execution for Peru by Decreto Supremo Nº 002-2013-MINCETUR (28 February 2013), with Ecuador's accession executed by Decreto Supremo Nº 017-2017-MINCETUR (31 October 2017); and the Free Trade Agreement with Chile, signed 22 August 2006 and in force since 1 March 2009.
Cost to do it: Preference saves the Peruvian duty on qualifying goods: 6 or 11 percent of customs value in dutiable lines, depending on each agreement's schedule for the product.
Example: A Lima importer of Chinese machinery in an 11 percent line that is fully liberalised under the agreement pays S/ 0 instead of S/ 37,972 of duty on S/ 345,200. / US$11,000 saved per US$100,000 of qualifying Chinese goods, if the line's preference is 100 percent.Resolución Legislativa Nº 28766 and DS 009-2009-MINCETUR (United States); DS 092-2009-RE and DS 005-2010-MINCETUR (China); DS 002-2013-MINCETUR, DS 004-2017-MINCETUR and DS 017-2017-MINCETUR (European Union); Peru and Chile FTA, Implementing decrees cited in SUNAT procedures INTA-PE.01.19, DESPA-PE.01.22 and DESPA-PE.01.31, 2013-02-28 official text · verified 2026-10-28
Cost to do it: Preference saves the Peruvian duty on qualifying goods: 6 or 11 percent of customs value in dutiable lines, depending on each agreement's schedule for the product.
Example: A Lima importer of Chinese machinery in an 11 percent line that is fully liberalised under the agreement pays S/ 0 instead of S/ 37,972 of duty on S/ 345,200. / US$11,000 saved per US$100,000 of qualifying Chinese goods, if the line's preference is 100 percent.Resolución Legislativa Nº 28766 and DS 009-2009-MINCETUR (United States); DS 092-2009-RE and DS 005-2010-MINCETUR (China); DS 002-2013-MINCETUR, DS 004-2017-MINCETUR and DS 017-2017-MINCETUR (European Union); Peru and Chile FTA, Implementing decrees cited in SUNAT procedures INTA-PE.01.19, DESPA-PE.01.22 and DESPA-PE.01.31, 2013-02-28 official text · verified 2026-10-28
4. Tariff preferences are granted only to originating goods that meet the agreement's origin and transport rules. Under the China agreement, for example, the certificate of origin and the declaration of origin are valid for one calendar year from issue, and goods must be shipped directly from China, though they may transit third countries with transshipment or temporary storage of up to 3 months if they are not traded or processed there beyond unloading, reloading, repacking or maintenance. Under the EU agreement, tariff quotas are administered first come, first served under Decreto Supremo Nº 007-2009-MINCETUR, and the origin chapters of the trade and integration agreements Peru is party to are implemented by Decreto Supremo Nº 003-2013-MINCETUR (2 March 2013).
Cost to do it: Losing the preference means paying the full most favoured nation duty, plus IGV, IPM and perception on the higher base.
Example: Chinese goods whose certificate was issued 13 months before the declaration lose the preference and pay S/ 37,972 of duty on S/ 345,200 in an 11 percent line. / A late or invalid certificate turns a US$0 duty into US$11,000 on a US$100,000 shipment.Decreto Supremo Nº 005-2010-MINCETUR (China); Decreto Supremo Nº 003-2013-MINCETUR (origin chapters); Decreto Supremo Nº 007-2009-MINCETUR (tariff quotas); SUNAT procedures DESPA-PE.01.22 and DESPA-PE.01.31, DESPA-PE.01.22 num. 6, 10 and 12; DESPA-PE.01.31 provision on tariff quotas, 2013-03-02 official text · verified 2026-10-28
Cost to do it: Losing the preference means paying the full most favoured nation duty, plus IGV, IPM and perception on the higher base.
Example: Chinese goods whose certificate was issued 13 months before the declaration lose the preference and pay S/ 37,972 of duty on S/ 345,200 in an 11 percent line. / A late or invalid certificate turns a US$0 duty into US$11,000 on a US$100,000 shipment.Decreto Supremo Nº 005-2010-MINCETUR (China); Decreto Supremo Nº 003-2013-MINCETUR (origin chapters); Decreto Supremo Nº 007-2009-MINCETUR (tariff quotas); SUNAT procedures DESPA-PE.01.22 and DESPA-PE.01.31, DESPA-PE.01.22 num. 6, 10 and 12; DESPA-PE.01.31 provision on tariff quotas, 2013-03-02 official text · verified 2026-10-28
5. A certificate of origin proves that a Peruvian export is wholly obtained in Peru or sufficiently transformed under the agreement's origin rules, and importers abroad need it to claim preferences. It is processed through the Ventanilla Única de Comercio Exterior (VUCE) and issued by certifying entities, private institutions authorised by MINCETUR, such as regional chambers of commerce and business associations, which check compliance with origin rules before issuing it. More than 160,000 certificates had been issued through VUCE by October 2026, after 216,838 in 2025, up 13.7 percent on 2024.
Cost to do it: Charges of the private certifying entities are not set by law and were not verified.
Example: A Peruvian exporter of S/ 345,200 of asparagus to the EU applies through VUCE, and a chamber of commerce verifies origin before the certificate is issued. / The certificate is what lets the EU buyer apply the preference on a US$100,000 shipment.MINCETUR press note of 27 October 2026; Decreto Supremo Nº 003-2013-MINCETUR on origin chapters, Certification of origin through VUCE, 2026-10-27 official text · verified 2026-10-28
Cost to do it: Charges of the private certifying entities are not set by law and were not verified.
Example: A Peruvian exporter of S/ 345,200 of asparagus to the EU applies through VUCE, and a chamber of commerce verifies origin before the certificate is issued. / The certificate is what lets the EU buyer apply the preference on a US$100,000 shipment.MINCETUR press note of 27 October 2026; Decreto Supremo Nº 003-2013-MINCETUR on origin chapters, Certification of origin through VUCE, 2026-10-27 official text · verified 2026-10-28
6. Peru and the four Mercosur states signed Acuerdo de Complementación Económica Nº 58 on 30 November 2005 under the 1980 Montevideo Treaty; Peru executed it by Decreto Supremo Nº 035-2005-MINCETUR (17 December 2005), and it has applied with Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay since 2 January 2006 and with Paraguay since 6 February 2006. Peru also belongs to the Andean Community under the Cartagena Agreement. Trade with Argentina therefore runs under ACE 58, and MINCETUR is evaluating modernising that agreement. For the Argentine side of this trade see The Argentine Thread guide.
Cost to do it: Origin certificate issued in the exporting country; the preference saves the Peruvian duty on qualifying goods.
Example: Argentine goods with a valid ACE 58 certificate and full preference pay no duty instead of S/ 37,972 on S/ 345,200 in an 11 percent line. / US$11,000 saved per US$100,000 of qualifying Argentine goods.ACE Nº 58 executed by Decreto Supremo Nº 035-2005-MINCETUR; Acuerdo de Integración Subregional Andino (Cartagena Agreement), ACE 58 art. 12 and Annex V, 2005-12-17 official text · verified 2026-10-28
Cost to do it: Origin certificate issued in the exporting country; the preference saves the Peruvian duty on qualifying goods.
Example: Argentine goods with a valid ACE 58 certificate and full preference pay no duty instead of S/ 37,972 on S/ 345,200 in an 11 percent line. / US$11,000 saved per US$100,000 of qualifying Argentine goods.ACE Nº 58 executed by Decreto Supremo Nº 035-2005-MINCETUR; Acuerdo de Integración Subregional Andino (Cartagena Agreement), ACE 58 art. 12 and Annex V, 2005-12-17 official text · verified 2026-10-28
| Partner | Signed | Peruvian implementing act | In force | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mercosur (ACE 58) | 30 November 2005 | DS 035-2005-MINCETUR (17 December 2005) | 2 January 2006 with Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay; 6 February 2006 with Paraguay | SUNAT Informe 139-2017 |
| United States (TPA) | Approved by RL 28766 (29 June 2006) | DS 009-2009-MINCETUR (17 January 2009) | 1 February 2009 | SUNAT INTA-PE.01.19 |
| Chile | 22 August 2006 | Not verified | 1 March 2009 | MINCETUR note 21 October 2026 |
| China | Ratified by DS 092-2009-RE (6 December 2009) | DS 005-2010-MINCETUR (25 February 2010) | Not stated in the SUNAT procedure | SUNAT DESPA-PE.01.22 |
| European Union (with Colombia and Ecuador) | Not verified | DS 002-2013-MINCETUR (28 February 2013); Ecuador accession DS 017-2017-MINCETUR | Not stated in the SUNAT procedure | SUNAT DESPA-PE.01.31 |
| Hong Kong, China | 15 November 2024 | Ratified by DS 030-2026-RE (15 July 2026) | 1 September 2026 | MINCETUR note 25 August 2026 |
Selected Peruvian trade agreements with dates verified from SUNAT procedures and MINCETUR notes on 28 October 2026. This is not the full list of 25.
Worked example
- A Peruvian subsidiary imports US$100,000 (S/ 345,200) of Chinese equipment in an 11 percent line that is fully liberalised under the Peru and China FTA. With a valid certificate issued less than a year earlier and direct shipment, it pays no duty, and IGV plus IPM is charged on S/ 345,200 instead of S/ 383,172. Without the certificate it pays US$11,000 (S/ 37,972) of duty and US$1,980 more of IGV and IPM, the latter recoverable as credit.
- A Peruvian grape exporter obtains certificates through VUCE from a chamber of commerce for shipments to the EU, Hong Kong and the United States, so each buyer can clear the grapes at the preferential rate.
Step by step
- 1. Find the product's 10 digit subheading and check, for the supplier's country, which Peruvian agreement applies and what preference the line has today.
- 2. Check the product's origin rule (wholly obtained, tariff shift or value content) and confirm the supplier can certify it.
- 3. Ask for the certificate or declaration of origin before shipment and check its validity period and data against the invoice.
- 4. Respect the direct transport rule; keep through bills of lading and any transit evidence.
- 5. Declare the preference in the import declaration and keep the origin proof for the four year assessment period.
- 6. For Peruvian exports, apply for certificates through VUCE to an authorised certifying entity and keep the cost and supplier records that prove origin, in case of a verification.
Common traps
- A certificate that has expired by the date the declaration is numbered does not support the preference; under the China agreement the validity is one calendar year (DESPA-PE.01.22).
- Transit through a third country can break origin if the goods are traded or processed there beyond unloading, reloading, repacking or maintenance, or stay more than 3 months under the China rules.
- Not every line is fully liberalised under every agreement; check the schedule for the product rather than assuming zero duty.
- Wrongly declaring origin to obtain a preference is customs fraud under Ley 28008 art. 4 b) v when the duty involved exceeds 1 UIT (S/ 5,500 in 2026), on top of the duty and fines.
- The count of agreements changes during the year (23 in January, 25 in October 2026), so check MINCETUR's latest figure when quoting it.
Sources
- MINCETUR press note, 27 October 2026: 25 agreements with 60 economies; certificates of origin via VUCE
- MINCETUR press note, 26 August 2026: 24 agreements, 87 percent of exports with preferential access
- MINCETUR press note, 9 January 2026: 23 agreements and negotiating agenda
- MINCETUR press note, 25 August 2026: Peru and Hong Kong FTA in force 1 September 2026
- MINCETUR press note, 21 October 2026: Peru and Chile FTA, signed 22 August 2006, in force 1 March 2009
- SUNAT procedure INTA-PE.01.19, preferences under the Peru and United States TPA
- SUNAT procedure DESPA-PE.01.22, preferences under the Peru and China FTA
- SUNAT procedure DESPA-PE.01.31 (v2), preferences under the EU trade agreement
- SUNAT procedure DESPA-PE.01.11, Andean Community preferences
- SUNAT Informe Nº 139-2017-SUNAT/340000 on ACE 58
- SUNAT Resolución de Superintendencia Nº 000016-2026 citing the 2026 UIT of S/ 5,500 (DS 301-2025-EF)
- BCRP statistics API, series PD04640PD (SBS selling exchange rate)
Related pages
- trade/importing-and-exporting
- trade/customs-penalties-and-smuggling
- trade/trade-remedies-and-antidumping
- taxes/customs-duties
- taxes/tax-treaties
- https://theargentinethread.com/guide/
- /country/peru/
- /calendar/
- Live dashboard
Related: Peru country profile · live dashboard · central bank and release calendar · our posts on X · where Argentina is involved, see The Argentine Thread guide
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